Peripheral Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is a condition of nerve damage, usually in the lower extremities. It is a complication of uncontrolled diabetes which results in the diminished sensation of pain.

Peripheral neuropathy may cause Charcot neuropathy, which affects soft tissues, bones, and joints of the foot and ankle. Bones become fragile and can break or dislocate even with minor forces. Your foot may have redness, swelling, and warmth in the affected area. When left untreated, your foot may become deformed, leading to severe disability and may even require amputation in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will take your medical history and perform a physical exam. Palpation of the foot and slight tapping of a specific nerve may be performed to identify the nerve condition.

Imaging studies (X-ray, MRI, CT-scan) may be ordered to identify any abnormalities such as overgrowths of bone or tumors that may be compressing the nerve. Nerve tests including electromyography and nerve conduction studies may be performed to examine the affected nerve and locate the area of damage.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of nerve condition and may include:

Anti-inflammatory medications and corticosteroid injections to help alleviate pain and inflammation.
Resting your foot and application of ice packs over the inflamed area to reduce swelling.
Supporting your foot with orthotics, such as specially designed shoe inserts, braces, splints, or change in footwear.
Physical therapy to relieve pressure and improve the foot function

Surgery is considered if the symptoms fail to resolve with conservative treatments. It may involve the release of the compressed nerve or repair of the damaged nerve.